Electric Shocks | Electrical Engineering Tutorials
Practical Electrical Guide and Industrial Solutions
A Zener Diode is a special purpose diode used for voltage regulation in reverse bias. Zener diode work under breakdown region for typical operation. A minimum current of Zener knee current must be maintained to keep the voltage regulated.
The diode current equation depends on the dark saturation current, the charge of an electron, and external voltage. We also provide a calculator for the diode current equation.
Testing a diode with a digital multimeter in two ways, diode testing portion, and ohmmeter. A diode test is considered passed if it shows low resistance/voltage drop on forward bias and high resistance/voltage drop in reverse bias. A diode curve tracer uses an oscilloscope for VI characteristics graph.
Voltage Multipliers are electric circuits to increase the voltage by a factor of two, three or four in case of Voltage Doubler, Tripler or Quarple respectively. The Voltage multiplier circuit uses capacitors and resistors to enhance the voltage level.
The Bridge type full wave rectifier can convert an AC to DC by the mean of four diodes in such configuration that the output peak voltage remains equal to secondary of transformer peak. In each half cycle, a set of two diodes conduct and block the current alternately.
Rectifiers are the circuit which converts AC Voltage to DC voltage. The half wave rectifier is the simplest type of rectifier with a single diode. The output of the rectifier is filtered with a capacitor filter to smoothen.
A diode can be connected in forward and reverse bias with a source. In Forward bias connection, a diode conducts current like a closed switch. Where in reverse bias, a diode blocks current like an open switch.
At the time of developing the PN junction diode, the depletion region is formed. Where free electrons and hole cross the conjunction between P- and N-region and recombine.
A semiconductor is a type of electrical material, which is used in electronic devices like PN junction diode, transistor and many more a replacement for a vacuum tube. The semiconductor can be intrinsic or extrinsic, where extrinsic has N-type and P-type.
Based on electrical resistivity, a material can be divided into three types: conductor, insulator, and semiconductor.