In electrical networks, it’s often circuits are series combinations and parallel combinations. These complex circuits can be simplified to a single resistor circuit theoretically using series and/or parallel formulas. But sometimes circuit’s element can’t be categorized as series or parallel. Therefore star to delta and delta to star conversion formulas and a calculator are used.
Take a look at the circuit below and you will observe that the R3 is kind of confusing and can’t be categorized as series or parallel.
Such circuits have multilateral shapes with each node at the corner. The simplest shape is the three-node shape, based on the shape they can be categorized as Star (Y) or Delta (Δ) connections. Each shape can be transformed into another shape using some transformational techniques. Arthur Edwin Kennelly first time proposed the Star Delta conversion formula. The same conversion is also known as Star to Delta, T to π, and Star and Mesh conversion.
Star to Delta Conversion Formula
If the head and tails of three circuit elements are such connected that it makes a closed loop, such connection is called Delta Connection. Take a look at the diagram below and you will find two different geometries with a similar connection.
To convert the Star (Y) connection (on the left side) into the delta (Δ) connection (on the right side), the following formulas can be used.
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Star to Delta Conversion Formula Calculator:
Delta to Star Conversion Formula
If the heads or tails of three circuit elements are connected which provides a common point, such connection is called Star (Y) Connection. Take a look at the diagram below, there are two different geometries for the same connection.
The conversion simplifies the circuit and converts the delta connection to Star star-equivalent connection. We already know the resistances of the Delta connection on the left side and the formula for the right side Star equivalent connection resistances are given below.
Delta to Star Conversion Formula Calculator
Star to Delta Transformation Example
Suppose the above circuit that we want to compute the equivalent resistance of the following circuit. It’s pretty difficult to find whether R3 is in series or parallel. By observing, we can find that there are two delta connections inside the circuit. I pick the upper delta connection and convert it to Star.
Given values of R1, R2, R3, R4, and R5 are 5Ω, 10Ω, 15Ω, 20Ω, and 25Ω respectively. The corresponding Star equivalent resistors R12, R23, R13, R4, and R5, where R4 and R5 are the same as above.
Now we can easily identify all the resistances in the above diagram, such that R12 is in series with (R13 + R4) || (R23 + R5). So, the simple series-parallel calculation can be carried out as follows.
Star to Delta Conversion in AC:
In AC circuits, impedance is playing the same role, as resistance is playing in DC circuits. The complex quantity impedance is the combination of reactance and resistance and reactance is a combination of inductive and capacitive reactance. Fortunately, the above transformation is true for AC circuits having complex impedance instead of resistance.
For Δ-Y conversion:
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For Y-Δ conversion:
