Michal, Author at Electric Shocks

Explain Working of the Transistors as a Switch

January 18, 2024April 20, 2020 by Michal

The working of the Transistors as a switch is explained here. When a transistor is used as an electronic switch, the transistor is operated in the cutoff and saturation region to open and close a circuit respectively. The working of transistors as a switch has an important role in digital electronics. Working of the Transistors …

Explain BJT Transistor construction and working principle

December 30, 2023March 21, 2020 by Michal

Explain the working principle and construction of BJT Transistor and Symbol. A transistor can work as digital switch or an amplifier.

Zener Voltage Pass Regulator Explained with Example

July 4, 2022November 1, 2019 by Michal

A Zener Diode is a special purpose diode used for voltage regulation in reverse bias. Zener diode work under breakdown region for typical operation. A minimum current of Zener knee current must be maintained to keep the voltage regulated.

Derivation of Diode Current Equation, Calculator, and Example

February 11, 2024September 4, 2019 by Michal

The diode current equation depends on the dark saturation current, the charge of an electron, and external voltage. We also provide a calculator for the diode current equation.

3 Methods of testing a diode with multimeter and oscilloscope

July 4, 2022August 15, 2019 by Michal

Testing a diode with a digital multimeter in two ways, diode testing portion, and ohmmeter. A diode test is considered passed if it shows low resistance/voltage drop on forward bias and high resistance/voltage drop in reverse bias. A diode curve tracer uses an oscilloscope for VI characteristics graph.

Diode Voltage Doubler Circuit with Tripler and Quadrupler Explained

July 4, 2022August 9, 2019 by Michal

Voltage Multipliers are electric circuits to increase the voltage by a factor of two, three or four in case of Voltage Doubler, Tripler or Quarple respectively. The Voltage multiplier circuit uses capacitors and resistors to enhance the voltage level.

Full Wave Bridge Rectifier with Capacitor Filter Design Calculation and Formula

January 27, 2024June 3, 2019 by Michal

full bridge rectifier current flow during positive half cycle

The Bridge type full wave rectifier can convert an AC to DC by the mean of four diodes in such configuration that the output peak voltage remains equal to secondary of transformer peak. In each half cycle, a set of two diodes conduct and block the current alternately.

Center Tapped Full Wave Rectifier with capacitor filter

January 18, 2024March 10, 2019 by Michal

Center Tapped Rectifier circuit diagram with center tap transformer and capacitor in filter

A center tapped rectifier converts AC voltage to a DC voltage by the means of center tap transformer and two diodes. The output DC voltage of the rectifier is half of the secondary voltage.

Difference between intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductors: P-Type and N-Type

July 4, 2022November 17, 2018 by Michal

Semiconductor Basic: Intrinsic and Extrinsic

A semiconductor is a type of electrical material, which is used in electronic devices like PN junction diode, transistor and many more a replacement for a vacuum tube. The semiconductor can be intrinsic or extrinsic, where extrinsic has N-type and P-type.

Difference between Electrical Conductor, Semiconductor, and Insulator

July 3, 2021October 11, 2018 by Michal

Based on electrical resistivity, a material can be divided into three types: conductor, insulator, and semiconductor.